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60. Arduino Based Piano V2.0 - Using LDRs

Hello Everyone!
Today I am going to present you the second version of my Arduino based Piano and this version will be using photoresistors instead of push-buttons. Photoresistors, also known as Light dependent Resistors (LDRs), are photosensitive - reacts to changes in light conditions. Photoresistors are made with semiconductive material, and the resistance of this semiconductive material decreases with increasing incident light intensity. Read on further to learn more about this project.

Hardware components used in this project

  • Arduino Uno
  • USB Type A/ B cable (for Arduino Uno)
  • Solderless Breadboard - Full+
  • Breadboard power supply module - 3.3/ 5V
  • Photoresistors (x10) 
  • Resistors (x10) - 10kΩ
  • Passive buzzer module (KY-006)
  • Male-to-Male Jumper wires 
  • Jumpers - to reduce the usage of wires

Setup



Your setup must look somewhat similar to those shown in the photos above. In this project, I have not connected my passive buzzer module to the solderless breadboard; instead, I have connected it directly to my Arduino Uno board.

Connections

Passive Buzzer module (KY-006)

  • S - D11
  • (+) - 5V
  • (-) - Ground (GND)

Photoresistor

Fourth Octave
  • C - D2
  • D - D3
  • E - D4
  • F - D5
  • G - D6
  • A - D7
  • B - D8
Fifth Octave
  • C - D9
  • D - D10
  • E - D12

Coding

The coding for this project will be somewhat similar to that of the first version. 
The Arduino Uno microcontroller sends either HIGH or LOW when the LDR is connected to the digital I/O port. Connect your LDR to your Arduino Uno and read its state on your Serial monitor. You will be needing the following codes for this process:
The LDR sends a LOW signal when you place your finger above its surface. 
Create global variables for the LDRs and the passive buzzer module. Within the void setup( ), call pinMode( ) to configure each of your components' pins as INPUT or OUTPUT. Declare the LDR pins as INPUT, and the pin of Passive buzzer as OUTPUT because it is a transducer (a component that converts electrical energy into light, heat or sound). 
Therefore, within the void loop( ), you will be using if( ) and else if( ) to make your piano work. Please refer to this website to get the frequencies of each piano note. Round the values to the nearest whole number before using tone( ) to produce sounds from your passive buzzer. The duration of the sound produced by the buzzer once I touch the LDR is 30 milliseconds. You can shorten this duration according to your preferences. For example, if the music is fast, you must shorten the duration as the tone( ) function only works for one pin at a time.
Here is an example of code:
void loop( ){
if ((digitalRead(C4))==LOW){
tone(Buzzer, 262, 30);
}else if ((digitalRead(D4)==LOW){
tone(Buzzer, 294, 30);
}
...
}
*NOTE: This project is subject to copyright (All rights reserved). Re-publishing this exact project is prohibited.
If you have any questions with the coding, please feel free to comment below or send an email to arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com and I will definitely help you out.

Final Look

If anyone has any questions, or suggestions, about this project, please feel free to comment below or send me an email at arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com.


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