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30. Automatic Watering system for Plants

Hello friends!

Today I will be teaching you how to make an automatic watering system for your plants. This system is helpful for people who are away from home and there is no one to monitor their plants.


The OLED display module displays the moisture level of the soil in my plant pot. When the moisture level falls below 50%, the Red LED lights up, buzzer gives off an alarm sound and the relay module is switched on. The relay module is connected to 5V DC water pump and the power supply (my power bank). Therefore, when the relay module is switched on, the water pump also switches on and pumps the water from the container to the plant pot. The moisture level of the soil in my plant pot is updated every second. 

Supplies

  • Arduino Nano
  • USB type A to mini B cable
  • Solderless Breadboard
  • Soil moisture sensor
  • Relay module
  • 5V DC mini water pump - Submersible
  • 0.96" OLED display module - featuring 128 x 64 pixels
  • LEDs (x2) - Red and Green
  • Resistors (x2) - 220 Ω
  • Active Buzzer module (KY-012)
  • Power bank - 10000 mAh
  • Plant pot filled with soil (optional)

Setup





Your setup must look somewhat similar to those in the images above.

Connections

Soil moisture sensor
  • (+) - 5V
  • (-) - Ground (GND)
  • AO - A0
We will not be using the digital output of this sensor, because watering plants need accuracy and our plants cannot risk the dangers of overwatering.
OLED display module
  • GND - Ground
  • VCC - 5V
  • D0 - D10
  • D1 - D9
  • RES (RESET) - D13
  • DC - D12
  • CS - D11
Active buzzer module (KY-012)
  • (+) - 5V
  • (-) - Ground (GND)
  • S - D6
Relay module
  • (+) - 5V
  • (-) - Ground (GND)
  • S - D5
LED
  • Cathode - Ground (GND)
  • Anode (Red) - D8
  • Anode (Green) - D7

Coding

The soil moisture sensor works by measuring the resistance between the probes when penetrated into the soil. The soil is dry if it returns a higher analog value, one that is close to 1023. As the moisture level in the soil increases, the resistance between the probes decreases because water is a better electrical conductor. We must use the 'analogRead' function to measure the analog output of the soil moisture sensor. We can either use the map function  (learn more about this function here) or some simple mathematics to convert these analog values to moisture level percentage. Divide the analog output by the total analog value (1023) and multiply the result by 100 to get the moisture level of the soil.
As I already mentioned in the first section of this page, the relay module, Red LED and buzzer must be set 'HIGH' when the moisture level is below 50%. When the moisture level is equal to or greater than 50%, the Green LED must be set 'HIGH'. To give an alarm sound, the 'tone' function must be used and the buzzer must have a frequency of 200Hz and must be switched on for 500ms. To update the moisture level readings every second, set a delay period of 1 second at the end of loop function.
Next thing is programming the OLED display module. To get help with this coding, please refer to my previous projects using the OLED display module. I have used the U8glib by Oliver. Here is the guide to getting started with this library.
If you still need help with the coding, please feel free to comment below or send an email to arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com, and I will guide you.

Final Look

If you have any questions, or suggestions, about this project, please feel free to comment below or send an email to arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com.

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