50. Understanding Internet of Things (IoT)

Hey everyone!

You would have already read my previous project about controlling electrical appliances using IoT. In this page, I will be explaining you about the Internet of Things (IoT).

Refer to my diagram above.

When your device is connected to the internet, it is capable of sending or receiving information, or both. An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that include microprocessors, sensors, actuators and communication hardware to collect, send and act on data that they receive from their environments.

There are four main components in IoT system, which are:

Sensors/ Devices connected to microprocessors
Connectivity - Internet
Data Processing - Cloud
User Interface - Apps on mobile devices, for example: Blynk

My previous project is an example of IoT. In this case, my IoT device was the smartphone which was connected to the internet. I used Blynk app for my project and when I tapped on the button widget, a signal was sent to the Blynk cloud. Data processing takes place, and a signal is sent to my Arduino Uno microcontroller board connected to the Ethernet shield W5100. The microcontroller switches on the relay module. Relay module is basically a switch activated by an electromagnet which needs a small voltage to complete a high voltage circuit.

Another example of IoT is an IoT weather station. The temperature sensor connected to the Arduino Uno microcontroller board with Ethernet shield records the temperature values over timed intervals. This data is sent to the cloud via internet, and data processing takes place. The processed data is then sent to an IoT device with internet connectivity in the form of a suitable user interface, such as an email, message or notification.

IoT requires some kind of connectivity, like the internet, particularly if it uses the cloud. IoT does not always require the cloud storage and internet. Connectivity can be skipped in cases of emergency, as data processing consumes time. One way to skip connectivity is by using gateway, which is an essential component in IoT computing.

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