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48. Obstacle Avoiding Car using Arduino

Hey everyone!
I am sorry that I have not posted in a while. Today I will be teaching you about making an obstacle avoiding car using Arduino. Read on further to learn about the hardware components used in this project, the connections, and coding.

Hardware Components used in this Project

  • Arduino Uno
  • USB Type A/ B cable (for Arduino Uno)
  • Robot chassis - 2WD beginner
  • Micro servo motor SG-90
  • Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)
  • L298N Motor driver
  • Gear motor 5V (x2)
  • LEDs (x4) - Red (x2) and Orange (x2)
  • Resistor - 220 Ω
  • Cardboard bracket
  • Battery (x2) - 9V
  • Rocker Switch
  • Male-to-Female Jumper wires (x12) - 20 cm
  • Male-to-Male Jumper wires (x5) - 10cm

Tools and other essentials

  • Mini Flat head screwdriver
  • Double sided tape

Setup


Your Arduino car must look somewhat similar to this.

Connections

L298N Motor driver

  • IN1 - D7
  • IN2 - D6
  • IN3 - D5
  • IN4 - D4
  • OUT1 - Right (+)
  • OUT2 - Right (-)
  • OUT3 - Left (-)
  • OUT4 - Left (+)

Micro servo motor SG-90

  • S (Yellow/ Orange) - D9
  • (+) (Red) - 5V
  • (-) (Black/ Brown) - Ground (GND)

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04

  • VCC - 5V
  • Trig - D2
  • Echo - D3
  • GND - Ground

LEDs

  • Red01 - D11
  • Red02 - D12
  • Orange (Left) - A0
  • Orange (Right) - A1

Coding

Before moving on to coding, there are some important points to consider. Make sure your L298N motor driver is connected to the Arduino microcontroller board in the same way as mentioned in the 'Connections' section. 
  • IN1 - Backward motion of the right motor
  • IN2 -  Forward motion of the right motor
  • IN3 - Backward motion of the left motor
  • IN4 - Forward motion of the left motor
For this project, you will be needing the 'Servo' library by Michael Margolis and 'NewPing' library by Tim Eckel. Create global variables for the L298N pins and ultrasonic sensor pins. Create a global variable named 'Maximum distance' and assign it to 200. Create a Servo object, and use the NewPing sonar function and the parameters are the variables for the trig pin and echo pin along with the maximum distance variable. 
Within void setup( ) function, use pinMode( ) to declare the L298N pins, Trig pin and LED pins as OUTPUT, and Echo pin as INPUT. Use attach( ) function to define the pin in which the servo motor is attached to. Use write( ) function to set the servo motor's position at 90°, and after a delay of 2 seconds, the distance must be measured.
Within void loop( ), create two local variable named 'Rdistance' and 'Ldistance'. If the distance measured is within 15 cm, the car must stop, reverse and then stop. The servo motor must be set at 10° to look to the right and 170° to look to the left. If the distance measured is greater than the distance from the left, the car must move to the right and vice versa. Before completing the void loop( ) function, the distance must be measured.
  • Stop - Both red LEDs must be set HIGH
  • Reverse - Both orange LEDs must be set HIGH
  • Turn right - The right Orange LED must be set HIGH
  • Turn left - The left Orange LED must be set HIGH
If anyone has any questions with the coding, please feel free to comment below or send me an email at arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com.

Final Look

If anyone has any questions, or suggestions, about this project, please don't hesitate to comment below or send me an email at arduinoprojectsbyr@gmail.com.

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